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The findings were published in the journal Jama Network Open.
“Telling patients that the intervention they are taking has side-effects that are similar to placebo treatments for the condition in randomized controlled trials reduces anxiety and makes patients take a moment to consider the side-effect,” said Ted Kaptchuk, professor of global health and social medicine at Harvard medical school, and a senior author on the study.
Researchers at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston analyzed adverse events reported during a dozen clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.
In each trial, those in the placebo arm were given injections of the inactive salt solution instead of the vaccine. The study did not look at severe, rare side-effects such as blood clots or heart inflammation.
Researchers describe how after the first injection more than 35% of those in the placebo groups experienced so-called “systemic” side-effects, such as headache and fatigue, with 16% reporting site-specific ailments including arm pain or redness or swelling at the injection site.
As expected, those who received a first shot of the vaccine were more likely to experience side effects. About 46% reported systemic symptoms and two-thirds experienced arm pain or other localized symptoms at the injection site.
When they looked at side-effects after the second jab, they found the rate of headaches or other systemic symptoms was nearly twice as high in the vaccine group compared with the placebo group, at 61% and 32% respectively.
The difference was even greater for local ailments, reaching 73% among those who had the vaccine and 12% in the placebo group.
This evidence suggests that information about side effects can cause people to misattribute common ailments to the vaccine, or make people hyper-alert to how they are feeling.
Source: Medindia
