New research suggests childhood exposure to cold might be linked to a higher risk of menopausal hot flashes. This is due to increased activity in brown adipose tissue, or BAT, a specialized fat that helps regulate body temperature. BAT also boosts metabolism and is associated with a lower risk of obesity.

The research, involving 270 women ages 45 to 55 residing in Western Massachusetts, is published in the American Journal of Human Biology.

“When a menopausal woman is standing beside an ice hockey rink watching her kids practice and she feels hot and cold at the same time, maybe it’s because that brown adipose tissue is making enough heat to trigger a hot flash,” says biological anthropologist Lynnette Sievert, the paper’s principal investigator and professor of anthropology at UMass Amherst.

While BAT activation may not be the primary cause of a hot flash, the research signals it may be just enough to trigger one.

“This is a brand-new direction of research, to consider brown adipose tissue in relation to hot flashes,” Sievert adds.

What are Hot Flashes

Hot flashes are sudden, uncomfortable sensations of heat and sweating that can interfere with daily activities and personal relationships. Prior research has found that approximately 75% of women in the U.S. report hot flashes during the menopausal transition. For some women, the sensations can persist for a decade or longer. Hot flashes are most often caused by reduced estrogen levels, though the exact mechanism that triggers them remains unclear.

The study also found that women who were exposed to cold as children were more likely to experience hot flashes decades later during menopause. The findings build on previous research in which Sievert hypothesized that the thermoneutral zone — the range between when individuals sweat and shiver — is set during childhood.

In women, the thermoneutral zone is altered at menopause when estrogen levels decline, reducing the threshold to trigger sweating and hot flashes.

“We’re starting to piece together how ambient temperature might trigger hot flashes, but anyone who has hot flashes will tell you it can be more than that,” explains Sievert, who uses both an ambulatory monitor and questionnaires to measure hot flash frequencies.

Sievert collaborated on the paper with Sofiya Shreyer, a doctoral student in the Department of Anthropology at UMass Amherst, Sarah Witkowski of Smith College and Daniel E. Brown of the University of Hawaii at Hilo. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation.

Source-Eurekalert