It is clear that in many cases the presence of coronavirus drove the creation of the damaging autoantibodies, Ring said. But it is also likely that some COVID-19 patients had pre-existing autoantibodies that made them more susceptible to infection, he said.

Mice with these same autoantibodies were more susceptible to infection by the COVID-19 virus and more likely to die, the authors report. The existence of these long-lived rogue autoantibodies could also help explain why some people infected with COVID-19 can later develop lasting medical symptoms, so-called long COVID cases.

“This could be the unfortunate legacy of the virus,” Ring said. “Our findings reinforce the importance of getting vaccinated. The fact that even mild infections are associated with autoantibody production underscores the potential for long-term health consequences of COVID-19,” says ,” added co-corresponding author Akiko Iwasaki, the Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Immunobiology at Yale.

For the study, Ring’s lab worked with Iwasaki’s lab and members of the Yale IMPACT team — a group of scientists, scholars, and physicians developing research and clinical efforts to combat COVID-19 — to screen blood samples from 194 patients who had contracted the virus, with varying degrees of severity, for the presence of autoantibodies.

Specifically, they used a novel technology developed by Ring’s lab called Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling (REAP) to identify autoantibody interactions with nearly 3,000 human proteins. Ring said the findings may lead to strategies to treat or prevent the damaging effects of autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients.

In addition, the new REAP technology could be used to pinpoint important antibody responses for many other disease conditions beyond COVID-19. Ring’s lab has found a host of novel autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune disease and is now searching for autoantibodies in patients with cancer and neurological illnesses.

Source: Medindia