says lead review author Lee Crosby, RD, nutrition education program manager at Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.
‘Keto diets are not only risky for kidney patients and pregnant women but also for others, too, as the diet increases LDL cholesterol levels and may also increase overall chronic disease risk.’
Five key findings of the Frontiers in Nutrition review paper are:
- Keto diets may be especially unsafe for women who are pregnant or may become pregnantlow-carb diets are linked to a higher risk of neural tube defects in the baby, even when women take folic acid
- Higher-protein keto diets could hasten kidney failure in those with kidney disease
- Keto diets raise “bad cholesterol” levels for many patients
- Keto diets are presented as a panacea, but they are not likely to be safe long term
- Restricting carbohydrate skews the diet toward cancer-causing foods. In fact, typical keto foods have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’soften the very diseases they are touted to help
The term “ketogenic diet” generally refers to a diet that is very low in carbohydrate, modest in protein, and high in fat. This mix of fuels aims to induce ketosis, or the production of ketone bodies that serve as an alternate energy source for neurons and other cell types that cannot directly metabolize fatty acids.
Keto diets have been promoted for weight loss and, less commonly, for other health reasonsseizure disorders, obesity and weight management, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, kidney health, and pre-pregnancy and pregnancyall of which were considered in this review. It also looked at potential long-term effects on health.
“In addition to the significant risks to kidney disease patients and pregnant women, keto diets are risky for others, too, as these diets can increase LDL cholesterol levels and may increase overall chronic disease risk,” Crosby explains.
“While keto can reduce body weight short term, this approach is not more effective than other weight-loss diets.”
Researchers found that the only well-supported use for this dietary approach is to reduce seizure frequency in some individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Crosby conducted the review with colleagues from New York University’s Grossman School of Medicine; New York City Health and Hospital at Bellevue; University of Pennsylvania; Loma Linda University; and George Washington University School of Medicine.
Founded in 1985, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is a nonprofit organization that promotes preventive medicine, conducts clinical research, and encourages higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in education and research.
Source: Eurekalert
