The study enrolled 1,822 acute coronary syndrome patients from the Swiss SPUM-ACS cohort. Acute coronary syndrome included both heart attacks and unstable angina.
Smoking status was assessed via questionnaire at the time of hospitalisation for acute coronary syndrome and one year later. At one year, smoking status was confirmed with a carbon monoxide breath analysis. A total of 1,076 patients were non-smokers at the time of hospitalisation and one year after. Therefore, the authors divided the remaining 746 smokers into “continuous smokers” (392 patients smoking at the time of hospitalisation and one year later, 21.5%) and “quitters” (354 patients who stopped smoking during the year after the heart event, 19.4%).
Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and antidepressant drug use. Participants were classified as “depressed” or “not depressed” at baseline and one year. At baseline, 411 (22.6%) patients were depressed and 1411 (77.4%) were not depressed. At one year, 461 (25.3%) patients were depressed and 1361 (74.7%) were not depressed.
The researchers analysed the associations between smoking and depression after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, marital status, physical activity, alcohol use, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease, cardiac rehabilitation attendance, and high-dose statins at discharge.
The analysis was conducted in the 411 smokers who were depressed at the time of hospitalisation. The researchers examined whether those who quit in the following year were more likely to improve their depressive symptoms in comparison to those who continued smoking. Compared to smokers who continued the habit in the year after their heart event, those who quit smoking were more likely to see an improvement in their depressive symptoms and be classified as “not depressed” (adjusted odds ratio 2.10; 95% CI 1.07-4.09).
Study author Ms. Kristina Krasieva, a medical student at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, said: “Previous research has shown that smoking cessation is associated with mental health benefits5 and our study extends this pattern to heart attack survivors. We hope the findings will encourage smokers who have suffered a heart attack to kick the habit.”
Source: Eurekalert
