For individuals with type 2 diabetes, prolonged sitting time has been linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. A recent study from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health sheds light on how achieving the recommended levels of physical activity may counteract this risk, offering hope for a healthier and longer life for those who manage to stay active despite a sedentary lifestyle (1).

Link Between Sitting Time and Mortality Risk

Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for various chronic conditions, including heart disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. However, for people with diabetes, the consequences of prolonged sitting are even more severe. The study utilized data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which included over a decade of data on U.S. adults aged 20 and up, all of whom had diabetes.

Researchers found that adults with diabetes who spent eight or more hours sitting each day had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who were more active. Specifically, individuals who were classified as “inactive” and sat for long periods had a 73% increased risk of all-cause mortality. Even those who were “insufficiently active” had a 74% higher risk.

Physical Activity is a Lifesaver for Diabetics

Contrary to some earlier studies, this research highlights the importance of physical activity in mitigating the risks associated with prolonged sitting. Participants in the study were grouped based on their self-reported activity levels into three categories: inactive (less than 10 minutes of exercise per week), insufficiently active (10-149 minutes per week), and active (150 minutes or more per week).

The results clearly showed that those who achieved at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week were less likely to die from any cause, including heart disease, compared to those who remained inactive. This finding underscores the critical role of physical activity in diabetes management and overall health.

Dangers of a Sedentary Lifestyle

For many people, prolonged sitting is an unavoidable part of daily life, especially for those who work in office settings or have jobs that require extended periods of inactivity. However, this sedentary behavior poses a significant threat to individuals with diabetes.

Dr. Sandra S. Albrecht, the senior author of the study, explained that prolonged sitting can disrupt blood flow, particularly to the lower body, increasing the risk of blood clots. These clots can lead to severe complications such as heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, sitting for long periods can slow blood flow, promote plaque buildup in blood vessels, and increase insulin resistance—all of which contribute to the heightened mortality risk in diabetics.

Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Diabetes Management

In addition to reducing sitting time, effective diabetes management involves a combination of factors, including regular medical check-ups, medication adherence, and maintaining a healthy diet. Dr. Jason Ng, a specialist in endocrinology and metabolism, emphasized the importance of a balanced diet in reducing mortality risk among diabetics.

A diet high in unhealthy fats, sugar, and salt can exacerbate the complications of diabetes, leading to higher blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and increased risk of heart disease. Conversely, a diet rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can help manage blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of premature death.

Practical Tips for Reducing Sitting Time and Increasing Activity

For those who find themselves sitting for long periods due to work or other commitments, there are several strategies to incorporate more movement into daily life:

• Take Breaks:

  Set a timer to remind yourself to stand up and move every 30 to 60 minutes. Even short breaks can help improve circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots.

• Incorporate Physical Activity:

  Choose activities that you enjoy and can commit to regularly. Whether it’s walking, cycling, dancing, or gardening, any form of physical activity is beneficial.

• Make Active Choices:

  Opt for stairs instead of elevators, walk or cycle instead of driving when possible, and consider standing or walking meetings to reduce sitting time.

• Adjust Your Workspace:

  If possible, use a standing desk or a desk converter that allows you to alternate between sitting and standing throughout the day.

• Engage in Hobbies:

  Find hobbies that require physical movement, such as hiking, swimming, or playing a sport, to keep yourself active outside of work.

The study from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health provides compelling evidence that prolonged sitting time is a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality in adults with diabetes. However, the research also offers hope: achieving the recommended levels of physical activity can counterbalance the risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. By making small but consistent changes to reduce sitting time and increase physical activity, individuals with diabetes can improve their health outcomes and reduce their risk of premature death.

References:

1. Sitting Time and Its Interaction With Physical Activity in Relation to All-Cause and Heart Disease Mortality in U.S. Adults With Diabetes
   (Wen Dai, Sandra S. Albrecht; Sitting Time and Its Interaction With Physical Activity in Relation to All-Cause and Heart Disease Mortality in U.S. Adults With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; dc240673. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-0673)

Source-Medindia